Replica of Brigham Young Spyglass |
Thursday, July 23, 2020
What do Brigham Young’s Spyglass and the City of Zarahemla have in Common?
More Mississippi Crossings in Early Church History
Joseph Smith and Joe Duncan |
Chief Keokuk: Link to the Past
Picture taken by SM Baer. Used by permission |
Tuesday, July 7, 2020
Chief Keokuk: A Link to the Past
Photo by SM Baer Parker/ Used by permission |
Monday, July 6, 2020
Clues to the Crossing
In order for the search of this crossing to be successful, there are certain elements that must be studied to understand where this spot exists. The first clue is the Robert E. Lee survey.
Traveling up and down the Mississippi River was pretty common by the early 1800’s but crossing it was a bit dangerous. There is a place along this river called the Des Moines Rapids that lies between Nauvoo, Illinois and Keokuk, Iowa. The Des Moines Rapids limited steamboat passage because of the “dangerous, sharp, rocky bottom” as noted by Swedish novelist, Fredrika Bremer, who in 1850, was taking a trip down the Mississippi from St. Paul. Gate City Newspaper
In 1937, a group of Army Corps of Engineers led by Robert E. Lee (the same Robert E. Lee who was the confederate general in the War Between the States) was a cartographer which most people did not know. Robert E. Lee and his group took a survey intending to cut a channel through the rapids, but after three months of trying along with budget cuts, the project was canceled. Nauvoo The Beautiful
The Army Corps of Engineers did another survey of the same Des Moines rapids in 1866, just after the War Between the States. This time Lieutenant Colonel James H. Wilson was in charge of making this survey. Colonel Wilson's survey was even more extensive than Lee's with more information.
The second clue to the whereabouts of this crossing has to do with the river’s first and biggest dam built in Keokuk, Iowa in 1913. The town of Keokuk was named after the famed chief of the Sauk tribe who met with Joseph Smith back in 1841 in Nauvoo but that is a story for another time.
What is interesting about the dam in Keokuk, is that all water flowing down the river has to pass through the dam each day and there is no water being stored as in other hydro power projects. That’s a lot of water passing through so it could be that all the evidence of that army crossing was washed away. Reportedly, the Keokuk Dam pond is filling with sediment due to slowing of the river in that area which would make searching for Alma’s army crossing location more difficult because if may be covered in sediment. The more we study this area, the more difficult the finding of this location sounds.
In the late 19th century, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers employed as many as 1,000 workers to build the Des Moines Rapids Canal near the dam. In that project, they blasted as much as a million tons of limestone rock on the west bank. The obvious question is what will be the effects of this blasting on finding the immediate area that is associated with the Battle of Zarahemla.
Another clue we need
to study is the trail of the Mississippi River. The
Des Moines River flows into the Mississippi River just below Keokuk,
Iowa. For approximately 25 miles before this river reaches the
Mississippi River, it had served as a state boundary line between Iowa and
Missouri. If we looked at a map from early 1800, we would see the
meandering of the river trail. But now this boundary does not follow the
current Des Moines river channel because it has migrated from its early 1800s
path, albeit a few hundred feet in one way or the other. In some places it is
the same with the Mississippi River. Over the years it has changed its course
somewhat through meandering which increases the challenge to those searching
for the crossing place of the Nephite and Amalicite armies. With the study of
the river, we have found however, that the geologic structure of the Des Moines
Rapids area has restricted channel meandering.
With these clues and many others put together by historians, engineers and scientists, we believe we will be successful in finding the crossing that will lead to even more clues to the city of Zarahemla’s location.
Crossing the River Sidon
Discovering the Promised Land
Discovering the places we read about is very exciting. As we read descriptions and narrations of these faraway places, we visualize through site, smell, sound and feel of what they would actually be like. What would it be like to actually visit the places in the Book of Mormon we have read about for so many years? When I visited the Sacred Grove, my testimony grew exponentially of the First Vision. When I visited Nauvoo, my love for those pioneers filled my heart to over flowing in appreciation of what they experienced and saw through their eyes and understand how they felt. It was an amazing reality.
For those trying to understand the places of the Book of Mormon, we search that book for clues and then find evidences of where they are located. Let me start from the beginning. A letter written to John Wentworth who was the editor of the Chicago Democrat, from Joseph Smith was very instrumental in beginning to understand where the Nephites and Laminates lived.
Here an excerpt of that letter which start the clues: “I was also informed concerning the aboriginal inhabitants of this country', and shown who they were, and from whence they came; a brief sketch of their origin, progress, civilization, laws, governments, of their righteousness and iniquity, and the blessings of God being finally withdrawn from them as a people was made known unto me: I was also told where there was deposited some plates on which were engraven an abridgment of the records of the ancient prophets that had existed on this continent ...”
Joseph Smith wrote for the Times and Season Newspaper in editorials called “American Antiquities” which corroborates wars described in the Book of Mormon with archaeological finds in northern America. Josiah Priest also contributed some of this information under the approval of Joseph Smith. His statements were as follows: "Weapons of brass have been found in many parts of America, as in the Canadas, Florida, etc., with curiously sculptured stones, all of which go to prove that this country was once peopled with civilized, industrious nations.”
In other readings, the Times and Seasons associates earth, timber and metal works found in northern American including artifacts of mount builder societies with implements and construction as described in the Book of Mormon. It’s fascinating to put the pieces together.
In another letter written by Joseph Smith to N.C. Saxton, editor of the Rochester Observer, January 4, 1833 reprinted in the Times and Season November 15, 1844 it says:
“The Book of Mormon is a record of the forefathers of our western tribes of Indians; having been found through the ministration of an holy angel, and translated into our own language by the gift and power [of] God, after having been hid up in the earth for the last fourteen hundred years, containing the word of God which was delivered unto them. By it we learn that our western tribes of Indians are descendants from that Joseph that was sold into Egypt, and that the land [of] America is a promised land unto them, and unto it, all the tribes of Israel will come, with as many of the Gentiles as shall comply with the requisitions of the new covenant.”
What we have in our
country is evidences of those early people of this continent who made covenants
with God to live in this Promised Land.
Nephites and Lamanites left behind a great history here and although we
cannot see some of those evidences, they are still there waiting to be
discovered.
One such place was told
by Joseph Smith from a vision of these areas which was written down by Wilford
Woodruff, Heber C. Kimbal, George A. Smith and many others:
"On the top of the mound were stones which presented the appearance of three altars having been erected one above the other, according to the ancient order; and the remains of bones were strewn over the surface of the ground. The brethren procured a shovel and a hoe, and removing the earth to the depth of about one foot, discovered the skeleton of a man, almost entire, and between his ribs the stone point of a Lamanitish arrow, which evidently produced his death. Elder Burr Riggs retained the arrow. The contemplation of the scenery around us produced peculiar sensations in our bosoms; and subsequently the visions of the past being opened to my understanding by the Spirit of the Almighty, I discovered that the person whose skeleton was before us was a white Lamanite, a large, thick-set man, and a man of God. His name was Zelph. He was a warrior and chieftain under the great prophet Onandagus, who was known from the Hill Cumorah, or eastern sea to the Rocky mountains. The curse was taken from Zelph, or, at least, in part-one of his thigh bones was broken by a stone flung from a sling, while in battle, years before his death. He was killed in battle by the arrow found among his ribs, during the last great struggle of the Lamanites and Nephites."
That is an incredible
writing and what an incredible find and message from the Prophet Joseph Smith
of this great warrior. I am overwhelmed with gratitude to hear of these stories
and will continue writing about the search and discover of evidences of the Book of Mormon in the United States.
For more information see: Finding Zarahemla
Searching for the Promised Land
For more information see: Finding Zarahemla